However, this approach could not be applied due to the multiple diseases requiring clinical nutrition resulting in one text for each MN, rather than for diseases. The expert group attempted to apply the 2015 standard operating procedures (SOP) for ESPEN which focuses on disease. This is particularly true for the words ‘deficiency’, “repletion”, “complement”, and ‘supplement’. It proposes a consensus terminology, since many words are used imprecisely, resulting in confusion. This guideline aims to provide information for daily clinical nutrition practice regarding assessment of MN status, monitoring, and prescription. Recent research has shown the importance of MNs in common pathologies, with significant deficiencies impacting the outcome. Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are essential for human metabolism. Continued exploration of chromium’s role in chronic diseases, including differences by biological factors, is needed. Dietary chromium may be important in the prevention and management of CVDs and DM for men. The prevalence estimates of low blood chromium levels tended to be higher among those with CVDs (47.4–47.6%) and DM (50.0–51.6%). The sample was almost evenly distributed between men and women (n = 1391, 48.1% (men) n = 1503, 51.9% (women)). <0.7 µg/L) and their associations with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs self-report), diabetes mellitus (DM glycohemoglobin ≥5.7%), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥5), while controlling for socio-demographic (age/sex/income/education/relationship status) and health-related (red blood cell folate/medications/co-morbidities/body mass index (BMI)/substance use) factors. Using a subsample from the 2015–2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 2894 40 years+), chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine blood chromium levels (0.7–28.0 vs. To provide evidence to this debate, an examination of blood chromium levels and common chronic health conditions was undertaken. In conclusion, SBL and Cr are promising dietary bioactive compounds with beneficial effects to obtain nutrient-enriched meat products.Ĭurrently, there is no global consensus about the essentiality of dietary chromium. The results from the study showed that dietary SBL and Cr significantly improved the fatty acid pattern and the oxidative stability of chicken breast meat, lowering the TBARS level after storage. Furthermore, n-6 and n-3 PUFA deposited preferentially in the thigh meat rather than in the breast meat.
Moreover, the breast and thigh meat belonging to T1 and T2 treatments showed a higher concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin, Fe and Zn and expressed a higher antioxidant capacity compared to those from T0. Dietary supplementation of SBL and Cr improved the PUFA/MUFA ratio, DHA concentration and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio compared to the other treatments. An experiment (28 days long) was carried out on 90 Cobb 500 chickens assigned into three treatments: a control treatment based on corn and soybean meal, without Chromium (T0) and two treatments supplemented either with 0.00002% Chromium (T1) or with 0.00002% Chromium and 2% sea buckthorn leaves (T2). In this regard, the efficacy of dietary sea buckthorn leaves (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) together with Chromium on the nutritional quality of meat and lipid oxidative stability was investigated. However, products are susceptible to quality deterioration and a short shelf-life of meat through lipid oxidation due to the lack of antioxidants in the meat. Meat products enriched with nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, are gaining much more interest among consumers. Nowadays, the consumer trend towards healthier food choices is unquestionable.
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